Học viết essay theo phong cách Kien Tran

0. Giới thiệu

Mình mới mua cuốn sách Kien Tran, bạn nào cần thì nt vào số mình nhé 0979829469
Đây là nơi mình tổng hợp những kiểu viết của Kien Tran với cuốn sách _BOOK 7.  7.5+ WRITING. Bài viết liệt kê chi tiết từ ngữ, câu cú theo cuốn sách đó, nhằm giúp mình ôn lại sau này.
Now, let's get started =))
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I. Transitional words

Các transitions words thường xào, và nghe đâu chỉ cần xài từng này là đủ =))
First, Second: cái này dùng để liệt kê, một là, hai là...
Vd: First, I love you because you are lovely. Second, I also love My Tam,  because she is singing well
For example, For instance, In fact: Ví dụ
Vd: Cuộc đời là những niềm đau. For example, when we are young, chúng ta sợ mẹ.
In addition: Ví dụ (thêm vào đó) Cái này được dùng sau khi dùng một liệt kê trước đó, kiểu như First, bala bla... giải thích một đoạn...In addition (thêm mắm muối nữa thì)
Also: cũng là not only...but also....: sau dấu 3 chấm là đồng cấp.
Vd: Anh ấy không chỉ đẹp trai, mà còn giàu có nữa. He is not only handsome but also rich
In conclusion: chốt lại là, câu này dùng cho đoạn cuối
Although: Mặc dù
Vd: Mặc dù người ta nói Lam đẹp trai, nhưng anh ấy không phải vậy đâu
Although people say that Lam is handsome, he is not
Given that: mặc dù, gần giống với Although, nhưng tính đối lập nhẹ hơn
On the one hand/other hand cái này khỏi nói, ai cũng biết rùi
Nevertheless : thay thế cho But để đứng đầu câu
Therefore: bởi vậy(nên là)
As a result : Kết quả là

II. Các dạng Essay phổ biến

III. Cấu trúc bài 1 bài essay

Một bài Essay trong sách này có cấu trúc 2552. Cụ thể là 2 câu Intro, 5 câu Body1, 5 câu Body2, 2 câu cho Conclusion

IV. Cách viết mở bài 

Những từ, câu chữ thường được dùng trong mở bài Essay
Trong các bài viết, sếp khuyên là chỉ viết 2 câu mở đầu, và học cách dùng Although cho tất cả các trường hợp. Câu 1 là mở cái câu paraphase lại, câu 2 là dùng althogh.
Advantages or disadvantages
Đề như sau: Nhiều cha tin rằng học tiếng anh Online tốt hơn offline. Ông có đồng ý hay phản đối?
Thì Intro được quất như sau: Thời gian gần đây, học tiếng anh online được phổ biến trong công chúng. Although this trend không phải không có nhiều bất lợi, nhưng những điểm lợi thế luôn là thứ áp đảo hơn
In recent years/These days, learning English online has gained (in) popularity. Although this trend is not without disadvantages, the upside can justify these.

V. Các thế võ cần nhớ

1. If

If được dùng tối đa một lần trong mỗi phần thân bài, với mỗi phần thân bài là 4 câu,(trừ đi một câu topic sentence) thì chiêu if đã giúp hoàn thành 25% thân bài. 

2. Since 

Since được dùng vào đầu câu, thay thế cho Because, để trông câu cú có vẻ thuận tai hơn trong văn viết. Cấu trúc Since [reason] [result][End result]

Ví dụ: Since many students play online games, they use computers professionally which can help them get a better job in software companies.

3.  By

By được dùng trực tiếp với kiểu nghĩa Bằng việc bla bla trong tiếng Việt. Ví dụ, bằng việc cho phép đua xe tùm lum, việc này có thể giúp tìm kiếm những ngôi sao đua xe, haha
In fact, by monitoring illegal motor races, famous managers can spot new talented drivers.

4. This

This dùng để tăng tính coherrence cho câu. This được dùng theo những cụm dưới đây.

VI. Các viên doping cần dùng 

1. Which 

which được dùng để dẫn đến [end result]

Which có thể bổ ngữ cho 

NOTE: Which có thể bổ nghĩa cho cả một  mệnh đề-clause trước đó và cũng có thể bổ nghĩa cho từ trước đó. Tuy vậy, không nên dùng which để bổ ngữ cho từ trước đó, mà thay vào đó hãy dùng that

Ví dụ: Không nên viết là I love cats, which is nice. Thay vào đó, hãy viết:  I love cats, that are nice

2. such as

Dùng such as với nguyên tắc:
• Kẹp giữa 2 dấu phẩy• Chỉ nêu ra 1-2 ví dụ• Dùng “and” ở trước từ cuối
Note: eat on time cần được thay thế bằng Having scheduled meals.
For instance, playing with toys will keep the children occupied fora long time and having scheduled meals will keep children healthy, which ensure their mental and physical developments  

Note: viết những điều chung chung để có thể dùng such as vào câu.

3., especially 

Nhớ là viết ở giữa cần kẹp giữa 2 dấu (,), viết ở cuối thì cần có một dấu (,).

First, companies, especially manufacturers, have to make sure there is no toxic waste

4. Due to

Due to không dùng để thay thế cho Because cho mọi trường hợp.  Due to chỉ dùng cho trường hợp nêu lý do tiêu cực thôi. 

First, since many of their educational approaches have been obsolete due to the fast-changing environment nowadays, older leaders tend to use old ways to look at new problems. 

5. Either or

I love public transportation either buses or trains

6. Not only but also

I like modern transportations not only buses but also cars

7. As

Sau as là một clause
For example, Stonehenge, a well-known historical site in England, attracts mostly tourists as the locals have already visited it too many times and lost their interest as they grow up. 

8. Regardless of 

I will buy gold regardless of price.
I will buy gold at either high or low price.
I love social activities, either for community or for the government.
I love social activities regardless of whom I work for  

9.  Including 

Many jobs, including low-earning ones, are not available  

VII. Các weapons cần có

1. Require/Are required to

Most companies require younger leaders in order to keep up with new technologies. 

Schools now require students to take an IELTS test before their graduation.

Students are required to take an English test to graduate.

2. To ensure

Ensure có 2 loại: Ensure và Ensure that. Nếu chỉ là Ensure không thì đằng sau nó sẽ là cụm danh từ. Nếu có that thì sẽ là một clause.  

3. Be conducive to

“Be conducive to” có nghĩa là làm cho thuận lợi, dễ chịu để làm một việc nào đấy. (Make a certain situation or outcome likely or possible.) Cụm này có thể phần nào thay thế cho cách tư duy Việt Anh:
Make it easy to… Đây là một loại vũ khí mạnh và tất nhiên có thể áp dụng cho hầu hết các đề. Nếu bạn sử dụng cụm từ này đúng, giám khảo sẽ rất ấn tượng với bạn. Từ Conducive thường hay đi
cùng với từ condition / environment (môi trường thuận lợi). Sở dĩ Conducive mạnh vì đây là quan hệ nhân quả (cause-effect)  

4. At the expense of

Với cái giá để làm cái gì đó.
You should not earn money at the expense of your own health

Don't be rich at the expense of your own health
Being honest can come at the expense of being bullied

5. Be less/more reliant on

Nowadays, students have been less reliant on teachers.

There are some ways you can make your own home, less energy reliant. 

North Korea wants to reduce reliance on import
Japan should be less reliant on the US military  

6. allow

Online platforms allow students to learn subjects independently. 

7. Take steps to

Dạng viết solutions cho government 

The government should take steps to reduce unemployment
The government should take steps to reduce crimeThe government should take steps to improve the integrity of the politicians  

8. Are susceptible to

be susceptible là có nghĩa kiểu dễ dính , dễ bị ảnh hưởng gì đó.
Children are more susceptible to diseases.
Japan is highly susceptible to earthquake
Stressed people are more susceptible to diseases
Lazy people are more susceptible to failure  thay vì Lazy people are more likely to fail

9. Act as an incentive for/Act as a deterrent for  

incentive: khích lệ , kích thích
deterrent: ngăn cản, răn đe

The car that my boss gave me acts as an incentive for me to work harder and love this job
Stricter penalty acts as a deterrent for crime
Bigger fines act as a deterrent for traffic violator
The penalties are too low to act as a deterrent
Increasing prices for cigarettes can act as a deterrent for smokers.

10. contribute to

A contribute to B = B is caused by A

Universities contribute to local business growth
Opening school contribute to drinking shops around it

IIX. HOW TO EXPAND YOUR VOCABULARY RANGE  

• Natural science
• • Environment
• • Family & parenting
• • Perserving wild animals
• • Business
• • Society
• • School
• • Habit
• • War
• • Globalization  

IX. Chiến thuật viết bài

0. Khoanh tròn keywords

1. Viết tất cả các từ dưới ra thành 3 cột

2. Plan ideas 2552

Bảng ma thuật sếp khuyên cần nhớ 

3. Cách hoàn thành Intro

Đây là lời khuyên của sếp cho dummers =))

Câu Opinion (OP) tuỳ dạng bài mà bạn sẽ viết theo kiểu khác nhau.

1. Dạng Agree/Disagree: Sử dụng Although, và đưa cái ý mà bạn Agree/Disagree ra vế thứ 2, viết thành một câu khẳng định (không dùng I)  
2. Dạng Advantages/Disadvantages: Sử dụng Although, bạn có thể viết kết luận cái nào outweigh cái nào ở phần kết luận. Trong câu OP, bạn chỉ cần viết câu đại ý
   ~Although it has advantages, there are disadvantages. Nếu disadvantages mạnh hơn, hãy
   cho nó ở vế 2. Tương tự, nếu Advantages mạnh hơn, hãy cho nó ở vế 2. Vế 2 thường là vế ưu tiên. ~Although it has advantages, there are disadvantages. Nếu disadvantages mạnh hơn, hãy cho nó ở vế 2. Tương tự, nếu Advantages mạnh hơn, hãy cho nó ở vế 2. Vế 2 thường là vế ưu tiên.
3. Dạng Discuss both views: Tương tự, sử dụng Although, cho view mà bạn ủng hộ sang vế 2. 
4. Dạng Problems/Solutions: Tương tự, sử dụng Although, vế 1 problem, vế 2 solution.
5. Dạng Reason/Solutions (Why and what can be done): Sử dụng Given that như model essay để giảm tính đối lập  

Các cụm từ hay ho thường dùng strong Intro

• One of the […]
• A growing trend / a declining trend
• Has gain in popularity / has become a publicly recognized phenomenon
• Has been considered
• Causing some public controversy
• Due to, thanks to, because of
• In recent decades, these days
• Some, certain
• Around the world, locally
• Has been receiving a great deal of media attention / public attention In recent decades, global warming has been receiving a great deal of media attention around the world due to its ...............
• Has rapidly evolved over 

4. Các câu mẫu hay ho trong bài viết

1. There are also a number of benefits for tourists traveling to isolated natural environment. 
2. One of those benefits is that....
3. helps raise public awareness on the issue. 
4. benefits students, scientists, and the world at large in a variety of ways.
5.  This is not an indication of (~This doesn't mean)
6.  so much of it to be dug up and removing it from the earth can have environmental consequences.
7. It is true that responsible corporate behavior contributes to broad-based benefits for the countries in which the companies are active
8. government should take steps to...: thực hiện các biện pháp để
9. that would give them an opportunity to save more lives overseas
10. have access to resources to deal with problems like hunger and poverty.
11. Another compelling reason is that
12. can ensure their sustainable long-term growth
13. This benefits not only the countries but also the companies
14. It is true the use of cell phones has gained in popularity over the past few decades
15. There are a number of reasons why
16. suggesting a significant causal relationship between driving private transports and traffic congestion in cities. 
17. In addition, before the appearance of online shops, buying commodities would require physical travel, costing unnecessary time, effort and money.
18. For example, people are more likely to lose important contacts and might even forget one another if there are not exist coffee shops for hanging out.
19. the net advantage of using private transports is still too high to consider banning.
20. In recent years, driving private transports to works has gained in popularity for many reasons. 
21. Although some might suggest banning automobiles in cities due to its air pollution effects, the suggestion is groundless and should not be implemented. 
22. Although this trend/suggestion is not without disadvantages, the upside can justify these.
23. There are a number of reasons leading to that trend.
24. require a great deal of patience and hard work
25. which results in better salary and wages.
26. has become a growing trend
27. There are also advantages and disadvantages of that trend.
28. As for the upside (về mặt tích cực)
29. have time to get more done(làm được nhiều việc hơn)
30. either at work or in life 
31. making them happier overall
32. In fact, studies have shown that people who
33. have a higher level of happiness than those who do not.
34. Nevertheless
35. have an increased risk
36. Although the trend appears to challenge the preservation of traditional fashions of those countries, it brings more positive changes overall.
37. in an excellent state of preservation (pr ờ-zơ- v'ê - shion) bảo quản tốt đó
38. thanks to globalization
39. in the apparel industry. (trong nghành thời trang )
40.  to allow citizens to choose what to wear based on personal preferences
41. without having to take into account social approval on clothing
42. Even though the trend has received some criticisms over the years, it has positively affected those countries at the other end (at other end, ở mặt khác / khía cạnh khác, ngược lại)
43. the development should be embraced because of its overwhelming advantages.
44. benefits the citizens in different ways
45. imported at an increasing rate.
46. causing some public controversy : nguyên nhân gây ra nhiều tranh cãi
47. this trend comes at the expense of the country's culture: với sự đánh đổi văn hóa quốc gia
48. plenty of evidence suggests that the opposite is true
49. There are a number of reasons why this trend benefits communities/individuals
50. First, thanks to... Đầu tiên , đội ơn bla bla
51. will obtain the opportunity to fix its existing flaws (có được cơ hội để sửa những lỗ hổng-thiếu sót)
52. do more harm than good
53. should also recognize the benefits of
54. Get perfected nghĩa là get improved, get perfect nghĩa là trở nên hoàn hảo
55. are the ones who need the most help from the governments
56. from the rest of the world
57. have not recognized fundamental human rights
58. in many inhumane ways.
59. pro-democracy activists
60. For instance, many pro-democracy activists in Hongkong were sentenced to prison even to death by the Chinese Communist Party, which have been saved, if the US had tried to interfere with the military. 
61.  For example, many dissidents in Hongkong were suppressed by the Chinese authority, some even to death, which had been saved if the US tried to support it/prevent that from happening.
62. It has been true in many cases that prolonged poverty cannot be solved without the assistance from foreign governments. prolong là kéo dài. the drugs can help patients to prolong their life
63. One product of poverty is hunger
64. If outside governments had stepped in and provided financial assistance
65. Plenty of evidence suggests [11] that the most effective way to overcome poverty is education.
66. By using diplomatic pressure, dùng áp lực ngoại giao
67. Although the problems associated with this situation can be pronounced, there are not without solutions. problem/Solutions
68. Wealth inequality  has been receiving endless public attention and criticisms from academia, in both developed and developing nations
69. There are a number of problems caused by wealth inequality.
70. at the expense of other social classes
71. Nevertheless, there have been many good solutions for wealth inequality problems-solution 
72. loophole: lỗ hổng pháp lý
73. taking advantage of
74. In conclusion, although wealth inequality can cause ........ there are still some practical solutions.  problems-solutions
75. a fairer society / it is more fair
76. A whole host of problems" "A whole host of bad people" etc. Khi nói đến tích cực hãy dùng A great deal of, plenty of.
77. Dạng bài problems/solutions thì đoạn Body2 dùng Nevertheless để bắt đầu, kiểu là dù vậy nhưng bla bla
78. instead of relying on their governments
79. effective: đúng việc, đúng vấn đề
80. efficient: đúng cách, đúng phương pháp
81. future generations would have the same or even worse living conditions and lifestyles, which deteriorates their health.
82. as healthy dieting and active lifestyles come into play
83. to focus on preventive approach
84. This benefits not only the governments but also the citizens’ health.
85. has become a topic of discussion. một chủ đề bình luận
86. In recent years, the question of who should take responsibility in educating the public on healthcare has become a topic of discussion.
87. be ones who hold the most responsibility.
88. doctors are the only ones who are qualified to provide knowledge to patients
89. his or her advice is more trustful than other sources of information
90. encounter misinformation or bad advice, which can be...
91. Europe has tackled online disinformation by investing heavily in technology and review teams, promoting trusted information from official sources, and developing policies like banning all political advertising from preventing misinformation.
92. there will be a good chance.
93. either directly or indirectly.
94. therefore only doctors can tailor their advice to: điều chỉnh, nó như regularize
95. inherently: vốn dĩ
96. Harvard students are inherently smart, therefore smartness is not something special there. 
97. highly respected profession: nghề được đề cao của xã hội ( profession ~ jobs) highly respected career/scientist 
98. For example, my gf, as a highly respected doctor, is always responsible for my life.  haha
99. those who cannot afford medical services
100. should be one of many responsibilities of (danh từ số nhiều)
101. which suggests different approaches in dealing with crime. problems/solutions
102. identifying the reasons behind this pattern is key to finding the solutions. reasons/solutions
103. which potentially leads to... cái gì đó
104. practical ones are gaining more attention recently. đang dần được chú ý hơn tgian gần đây
105. are of vital importance for students
106. a student certainly needs to acquire complex knowledge and be fluent in academic theories
107. help graduates land higher-paying jobs
108. most high-salaried workers
109. which can only be achieved if they have taken academic subjects. 
110. For example, most of the technology leaders in corporations must have complex/sophisticated knowledge, which can only be achieved if ones have taken academic subjects/ones hold a postgraduate degree. 
111. allow the majority to make a living much earlier.
112. workers who have solid practical experience
113. the brink of extinction: bờ vựt tuyệt chủng
114. potentially bring all species, including humankind, to the brink of extinction: khả năng cao....
115. seem reasonable
116. the benefits do not justify the costs
117. in order to conduct various required experiments and bring objects into space for the purpose of finding other planets, space-exploration projects usually consume plenty of natural resources from the Earth, such as oil and metals.
118. a great number of resources
119. Nowadays, there has been a tendency for children likely to watch TV rather than spending time on activities for many reasons. Although this tendency leads to a number of ramifications, there is not without solutions.
120. shrinking playgrounds and parks hết chỗ để chơi
121. identifying the reasons is key to finding the solutions
122. livestock: thú nuôi, gia súc
123. can be composted or used to feed livestock. dùng để cho gia súc
124. not only benefit the agriculture industry
125. Edible: có thể ăn được: can be edible 
126. Food waste has become an emerging issue of great public concern in recent years. Given that this issue leads to a series of environmental impacts, identifying the reasons behind it is the key to finding solutions. Intro
127. oppose this idea due to its seemingly high costs Intro
128. is among the most beneficial ways to Intro
129. In many nations, governments have spent a large amount of national budget on improving Internet access, causing some public controversy. Although some might oppose this idea due to its seemingly high costs, improving Internet access will be the most beneficial ways to spend government money INTRO
130. recognized the significance of a knowledge economy EX 
131. which in turn saves a great deal of money EX
132. as there is a causal relationship between the two indicators EX
133. Considering all the relevant factors involving TS
134. ensure government and corporation transparency and integrity. EX
135. For instance, by using the Internet, citizens can disseminate other's behaviors, either good or bad, the authorities would be very mindful of their actions. EX
136. For instance, since almost every behavior, either good or bad, can be recorded/videotaped and shared/disseminated on the Internet, governments, and corporations would be very mindful of their actions. EX
137. For example, anyone with a computer and internet connection can have the same opportunities as others because he or she can acquire the knowledge that had long been considered a secret to the majority EX
138. in a variety of ways. CL
139. Juvenile crime has become an emerging issue of huge public concern in recent years. Given that this issue leads to a series of future impacts, identifying the reasons behind it is the key to finding solutions.
140.  There has been a rasing public concern about juvenile crime in recent years. Given that issue leads to a series of substantial impacts, identifying the reasons behind it is the key to finding solutions. Intro 
141. Although some believe that violence in media is the cause of juvenile crime,  some other causes should be taken into account as well 
142. Nowadays, the model of running a business within family members have gained in popularity around the world. Although some experts applauded this model, there still exist many limitations.  Intro
143. In conclusion, given the clear advantages that a family-run business have, there
     are still limitations. By acknowledging these limitations, the business owner
     can find ways to   CL
144.